This time of year, children are constantly on the move: skiing, sledding, skating, and playing hard. Unfortunately, all of these activities do expose children to the risk of concussion. A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the brain moves or twists inside the skull. Although concussions are not usually life-threatening, their effects can be serious and long-lasting, especially if someone experiences multiple concussions over time.

Concussions are extremely common, with 1–3 million people visiting U.S. emergency rooms each year, and they account for more than half of ER visits for children ages 5 to 18. Symptoms occur because the brain redirects its energy toward healing.  They can affect many brain functions including changes in thought processing, sleep, and emotions. Common symptoms include headaches, dizziness, nausea, blurred vision, confusion, trouble concentrating, sleep disturbances, mood changes, and irritability. In babies and young children, symptoms may show up as increased fussiness, changes in sleep or eating, or unusual behavior.

Anyone can experience a concussion, but children, teens, athletes, older adults, and people who have had previous concussions are at higher risk. Healthcare providers can diagnose a concussion by taking a careful history of the injury and symptoms, and by performing physical and neurological exams. The most important treatment is rest, both physical and mental, especially in the first few days. It can be helpful to refrain from too much screentime as this does not allow the brain to fully rest. Activities should be slowly reintroduced as symptoms improve, and sleep is encouraged, as it plays a critical role in recovery. Taking the time to heal properly helps prevent complications and supports long-term brain health.

We hope you enjoy all your winter activities! Play safely and please wear your helmets!