Understanding Your Colon Cancer Screening Options 

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States, yet it is also one of the most preventable with routine screening and early detection. At Telluride Medical Center, we see firsthand how powerful preventive care can be in protecting long-term health and catching concerns early, when treatment is most effective. 

For adults age 45 and older at average risk, there are several safe and effective screening options available. Our care team at TMC works closely with patients to find a screening method that feels manageable, comfortable, and aligned with each person’s lifestyle.  

These tests fall into two main categories: at-home stool-based tests and in-clinic visual exams that allow providers to look directly inside the colon. Understanding how each option works empowers you to make informed decisions about your health, and our providers at Telluride Medical Center are here to guide you every step of the way. 

Visual Screening Tests | In-Clinic Procedures 

1. Colonoscopy 

A colonoscopy is considered the gold standard screening as it is the only method that can prevent colorectal cancer by removing polyps that could become cancerous if left in place. A screening colonoscopy typically is performed every ten years if no abnormalities are found, or it may be repeated sooner based on previous findings and/or personal or family history. During the procedure, a provider uses a small camera attached to a tube to examine the entire colon and rectum. Polyps can be removed immediately, helping prevent cancer before it develops. Preparation includes taking bowel-cleansing medication the day before, and patients usually are sedated during the procedure, thus requiring time off work and a ride home. 

2. CT Colonography 

Completed every five years, CT colonography uses specialized X-ray imaging to look for polyps or cancer in the colon and rectum. Like a traditional colonoscopy, it requires bowel preparation beforehand but does not involve sedation. If any abnormality is detected, a follow-up colonoscopy is needed to remove or examine the findings. 

3. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy 

This test is performed every five years and examines only the lower portion of the colon and rectum using a small camera-equipped tube. Preparation typically involves one or two enemas rather than full bowel cleansing. While less invasive than a colonoscopy, it does not evaluate the entire colon and is not available in many locations. 

Stool-Based Screening Tests | At-Home Options 

Please note that any abnormal at-home screening option requires a colonoscopy as the next step. Additionally, at-home screening tests are not recommended for some people with known risk factors for colorectal cancer, including certain underlying medical conditions and personal or family history of related issues.  

1. Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) 

The FIT test is completed once a year and checks for hidden blood in a single stool sample. The sample is collected at home using a kit provided by a healthcare provider and returned to a laboratory for analysis. This test is simple, noninvasive, and requires no special diet or bowel preparation, making it a popular and convenient option for many people. 

2. High-Sensitivity Guaiac-Based Fecal Occult Blood Test (HSgFOBT) 

Also performed annually, the HSgFOBT looks for hidden blood in stool samples collected from three separate bowel movements. Like the FIT test, it is done at home and returned to a lab. While slightly more involved due to multiple samples, it serves the same purpose of detecting early signs of colorectal cancer. 

3. Multi-Target Stool DNA Test (MT-sDNA)

 
This test is completed every three years and checks stool for both blood and abnormal DNA associated with polyps or cancer. It involves collecting a full bowel movement sample at home and sending it to a lab using a kit shipped directly to the patient. While less frequent than yearly tests, it requires more handling and preparation. 

All of these screening methods are effective at detecting colorectal cancer, and most are covered by insurance, including Medicare, making preventive care more accessible than many people realize. At Telluride Medical Center, our goal is to remove barriers to screening and help every patient feel informed, supported, and confident in their care choices. 

Each option differs in convenience, level of invasiveness, frequency, and preparation. Some patients appreciate the simplicity of completing a test at home, while others prefer the longer screening intervals and preventative benefits that come with visual exams like colonoscopy. There is no one-size-fits-all approach, and that’s why personalized care matters. 

What matters most is choosing a screening method you feel comfortable completing consistently. (And know that you can change your screening method at any time!) Since most colorectal cancers begin as polyps that can be found and removed early, regular screening plays a powerful role in prevention and long-term health. Our providers here at Telluride Medical Center are always happy to talk through your options, answer questions, and help you select the screening approach that best supports your well-being.